1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
//! The [`Window`] struct and associated types.
use std::fmt;

#[doc(inline)]
pub use cursor_icon::{CursorIcon, ParseError as CursorIconParseError};
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

pub use crate::cursor::{BadImage, Cursor, CustomCursor, CustomCursorSource, MAX_CURSOR_SIZE};
use crate::dpi::{PhysicalPosition, PhysicalSize, Position, Size};
use crate::error::RequestError;
pub use crate::icon::{BadIcon, Icon};
use crate::monitor::{MonitorHandle, VideoModeHandle};
use crate::platform_impl::{self, PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes};
use crate::utils::AsAny;

/// Identifier of a window. Unique for each window.
///
/// Can be obtained with [`window.id()`][`Window::id`].
///
/// Whenever you receive an event specific to a window, this event contains a `WindowId` which you
/// can then compare to the ids of your windows.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct WindowId(pub(crate) platform_impl::WindowId);

impl WindowId {
    /// Returns a dummy id, useful for unit testing.
    ///
    /// # Notes
    ///
    /// The only guarantee made about the return value of this function is that
    /// it will always be equal to itself and to future values returned by this function.
    /// No other guarantees are made. This may be equal to a real [`WindowId`].
    pub const fn dummy() -> Self {
        WindowId(platform_impl::WindowId::dummy())
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for WindowId {
    fn fmt(&self, fmtr: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.0.fmt(fmtr)
    }
}

impl From<WindowId> for u64 {
    fn from(window_id: WindowId) -> Self {
        window_id.0.into()
    }
}

impl From<u64> for WindowId {
    fn from(raw_id: u64) -> Self {
        Self(raw_id.into())
    }
}

/// Attributes used when creating a window.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct WindowAttributes {
    pub surface_size: Option<Size>,
    pub min_surface_size: Option<Size>,
    pub max_surface_size: Option<Size>,
    pub surface_resize_increments: Option<Size>,
    pub position: Option<Position>,
    pub resizable: bool,
    pub enabled_buttons: WindowButtons,
    pub title: String,
    pub maximized: bool,
    pub visible: bool,
    pub transparent: bool,
    pub blur: bool,
    pub decorations: bool,
    pub window_icon: Option<Icon>,
    pub preferred_theme: Option<Theme>,
    pub content_protected: bool,
    pub window_level: WindowLevel,
    pub active: bool,
    pub cursor: Cursor,
    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
    pub(crate) parent_window: Option<SendSyncRawWindowHandle>,
    pub fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>,
    // Platform-specific configuration.
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub(crate) platform_specific: PlatformSpecificWindowAttributes,
}

impl Default for WindowAttributes {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> WindowAttributes {
        WindowAttributes {
            surface_size: None,
            min_surface_size: None,
            max_surface_size: None,
            surface_resize_increments: None,
            position: None,
            resizable: true,
            enabled_buttons: WindowButtons::all(),
            title: "winit window".to_owned(),
            maximized: false,
            fullscreen: None,
            visible: true,
            transparent: false,
            blur: false,
            decorations: true,
            window_level: Default::default(),
            window_icon: None,
            preferred_theme: None,
            content_protected: false,
            cursor: Cursor::default(),
            #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
            parent_window: None,
            active: true,
            platform_specific: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}

/// Wrapper for [`rwh_06::RawWindowHandle`] for [`WindowAttributes::parent_window`].
///
/// # Safety
///
/// The user has to account for that when using [`WindowAttributes::with_parent_window()`],
/// which is `unsafe`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
pub(crate) struct SendSyncRawWindowHandle(pub(crate) rwh_06::RawWindowHandle);

#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
unsafe impl Send for SendSyncRawWindowHandle {}
#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
unsafe impl Sync for SendSyncRawWindowHandle {}

impl WindowAttributes {
    /// Get the parent window stored on the attributes.
    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
    pub fn parent_window(&self) -> Option<&rwh_06::RawWindowHandle> {
        self.parent_window.as_ref().map(|handle| &handle.0)
    }

    /// Requests the surface to be of specific dimensions.
    ///
    /// If this is not set, some platform-specific dimensions will be used.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::request_surface_size`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_surface_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, size: S) -> Self {
        self.surface_size = Some(size.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets the minimum dimensions the surface can have.
    ///
    /// If this is not set, the surface will have no minimum dimensions (aside from reserved).
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_min_surface_size`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_min_surface_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, min_size: S) -> Self {
        self.min_surface_size = Some(min_size.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets the maximum dimensions the surface can have.
    ///
    /// If this is not set, the surface will have no maximum, or the maximum will be restricted to
    /// the primary monitor's dimensions by the platform.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_max_surface_size`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_max_surface_size<S: Into<Size>>(mut self, max_size: S) -> Self {
        self.max_surface_size = Some(max_size.into());
        self
    }

    /// Build window with resize increments hint.
    ///
    /// The default is `None`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_surface_resize_increments`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_surface_resize_increments<S: Into<Size>>(
        mut self,
        surface_resize_increments: S,
    ) -> Self {
        self.surface_resize_increments = Some(surface_resize_increments.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets a desired initial position for the window.
    ///
    /// If this is not set, some platform-specific position will be chosen.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_outer_position`] for details.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** The top left corner position of the window content, the window's "inner"
    ///   position. The window title bar will be placed above it. The window will be positioned such
    ///   that it fits on screen, maintaining set `surface_size` if any. If you need to precisely
    ///   position the top left corner of the whole window you have to use
    ///   [`Window::set_outer_position`] after creating the window.
    /// - **Windows:** The top left corner position of the window title bar, the window's "outer"
    ///   position. There may be a small gap between this position and the window due to the
    ///   specifics of the Window Manager.
    /// - **X11:** The top left corner of the window, the window's "outer" position.
    /// - **Others:** Ignored.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_position<P: Into<Position>>(mut self, position: P) -> Self {
        self.position = Some(position.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether the window is resizable or not.
    ///
    /// The default is `true`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_resizable`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_resizable(mut self, resizable: bool) -> Self {
        self.resizable = resizable;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the enabled window buttons.
    ///
    /// The default is [`WindowButtons::all`]
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_enabled_buttons`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_enabled_buttons(mut self, buttons: WindowButtons) -> Self {
        self.enabled_buttons = buttons;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the initial title of the window in the title bar.
    ///
    /// The default is `"winit window"`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_title`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_title<T: Into<String>>(mut self, title: T) -> Self {
        self.title = title.into();
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether the window should be put into fullscreen upon creation.
    ///
    /// The default is `None`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_fullscreen`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_fullscreen(mut self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>) -> Self {
        self.fullscreen = fullscreen;
        self
    }

    /// Request that the window is maximized upon creation.
    ///
    /// The default is `false`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_maximized`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_maximized(mut self, maximized: bool) -> Self {
        self.maximized = maximized;
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether the window will be initially visible or hidden.
    ///
    /// The default is to show the window.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_visible`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_visible(mut self, visible: bool) -> Self {
        self.visible = visible;
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether the background of the window should be transparent.
    ///
    /// If this is `true`, writing colors with alpha values different than
    /// `1.0` will produce a transparent window. On some platforms this
    /// is more of a hint for the system and you'd still have the alpha
    /// buffer. To control it see [`Window::set_transparent`].
    ///
    /// The default is `false`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_transparent(mut self, transparent: bool) -> Self {
        self.transparent = transparent;
        self
    }

    /// Sets whether the background of the window should be blurred by the system.
    ///
    /// The default is `false`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_blur`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_blur(mut self, blur: bool) -> Self {
        self.blur = blur;
        self
    }

    /// Get whether the window will support transparency.
    #[inline]
    pub fn transparent(&self) -> bool {
        self.transparent
    }

    /// Sets whether the window should have a border, a title bar, etc.
    ///
    /// The default is `true`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_decorations`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_decorations(mut self, decorations: bool) -> Self {
        self.decorations = decorations;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the window level.
    ///
    /// This is just a hint to the OS, and the system could ignore it.
    ///
    /// The default is [`WindowLevel::Normal`].
    ///
    /// See [`WindowLevel`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_window_level(mut self, level: WindowLevel) -> Self {
        self.window_level = level;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the window icon.
    ///
    /// The default is `None`.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_window_icon`] for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_window_icon(mut self, window_icon: Option<Icon>) -> Self {
        self.window_icon = window_icon;
        self
    }

    /// Sets a specific theme for the window.
    ///
    /// If `None` is provided, the window will use the system theme.
    ///
    /// The default is `None`.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland:** This controls only CSD. When using `None` it'll try to use dbus to get the
    ///   system preference. When explicit theme is used, this will avoid dbus all together.
    /// - **x11:** Build window with `_GTK_THEME_VARIANT` hint set to `dark` or `light`.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / x11 / Orbital:** Ignored.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_theme(mut self, theme: Option<Theme>) -> Self {
        self.preferred_theme = theme;
        self
    }

    /// Prevents the window contents from being captured by other apps.
    ///
    /// The default is `false`.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS**: if `false`, [`NSWindowSharingNone`] is used but doesn't completely prevent all
    ///   apps from reading the window content, for instance, QuickTime.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / x11 / Orbital:** Ignored.
    ///
    /// [`NSWindowSharingNone`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nswindowsharingtype/nswindowsharingnone
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_content_protected(mut self, protected: bool) -> Self {
        self.content_protected = protected;
        self
    }

    /// Whether the window will be initially focused or not.
    ///
    /// The window should be assumed as not focused by default
    /// following by the [`WindowEvent::Focused`].
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific:
    ///
    /// **Android / iOS / X11 / Wayland / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::Focused`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Focused.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_active(mut self, active: bool) -> Self {
        self.active = active;
        self
    }

    /// Modifies the cursor icon of the window.
    ///
    /// The default is [`CursorIcon::Default`].
    ///
    /// See [`Window::set_cursor()`] for more details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_cursor(mut self, cursor: impl Into<Cursor>) -> Self {
        self.cursor = cursor.into();
        self
    }

    /// Build window with parent window.
    ///
    /// The default is `None`.
    ///
    /// ## Safety
    ///
    /// `parent_window` must be a valid window handle.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Windows** : A child window has the WS_CHILD style and is confined
    ///   to the client area of its parent window. For more information, see
    ///   <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/window-features#child-windows>
    /// - **X11**: A child window is confined to the client area of its parent window.
    /// - **Android / iOS / Wayland / Web:** Unsupported.
    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn with_parent_window(
        mut self,
        parent_window: Option<rwh_06::RawWindowHandle>,
    ) -> Self {
        self.parent_window = parent_window.map(SendSyncRawWindowHandle);
        self
    }
}

/// Represents a window.
///
/// The window is closed when dropped.
///
/// ## Threading
///
/// This is `Send + Sync`, meaning that it can be freely used from other
/// threads.
///
/// However, some platforms (macOS, Web and iOS) only allow user interface
/// interactions on the main thread, so on those platforms, if you use the
/// window from a thread other than the main, the code is scheduled to run on
/// the main thread, and your thread may be blocked until that completes.
///
/// ## Platform-specific
///
/// **Web:** The [`Window`], which is represented by a `HTMLElementCanvas`, can
/// not be closed by dropping the [`Window`].
pub trait Window: AsAny + Send + Sync {
    /// Returns an identifier unique to the window.
    fn id(&self) -> WindowId;

    /// Returns the scale factor that can be used to map logical pixels to physical pixels, and
    /// vice versa.
    ///
    /// Note that this value can change depending on user action (for example if the window is
    /// moved to another screen); as such, tracking [`WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged`] events is
    /// the most robust way to track the DPI you need to use to draw.
    ///
    /// This value may differ from [`MonitorHandle::scale_factor`].
    ///
    /// See the [`dpi`] crate for more information.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// The scale factor is calculated differently on different platforms:
    ///
    /// - **Windows:** On Windows 8 and 10, per-monitor scaling is readily configured by users from
    ///   the display settings. While users are free to select any option they want, they're only
    ///   given a selection of "nice" scale factors, i.e. 1.0, 1.25, 1.5... on Windows 7. The scale
    ///   factor is global and changing it requires logging out. See [this article][windows_1] for
    ///   technical details.
    /// - **macOS:** Recent macOS versions allow the user to change the scaling factor for specific
    ///   displays. When available, the user may pick a per-monitor scaling factor from a set of
    ///   pre-defined settings. All "retina displays" have a scaling factor above 1.0 by default,
    ///   but the specific value varies across devices.
    /// - **X11:** Many man-hours have been spent trying to figure out how to handle DPI in X11.
    ///   Winit currently uses a three-pronged approach:
    ///   + Use the value in the `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` environment variable if present.
    ///   + If not present, use the value set in `Xft.dpi` in Xresources.
    ///   + Otherwise, calculate the scale factor based on the millimeter monitor dimensions
    ///     provided by XRandR.
    ///
    ///   If `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR` is set to `randr`, it'll ignore the `Xft.dpi` field and use
    ///   the   XRandR scaling method. Generally speaking, you should try to configure the
    ///   standard system   variables to do what you want before resorting to
    ///   `WINIT_X11_SCALE_FACTOR`.
    /// - **Wayland:** The scale factor is suggested by the compositor for each window individually
    ///   by using the wp-fractional-scale protocol if available. Falls back to integer-scale
    ///   factors otherwise.
    ///
    ///   The monitor scale factor may differ from the window scale factor.
    /// - **iOS:** Scale factors are set by Apple to the value that best suits the device, and range
    ///   from `1.0` to `3.0`. See [this article][apple_1] and [this article][apple_2] for more
    ///   information.
    ///
    ///   This uses the underlying `UIView`'s [`contentScaleFactor`].
    /// - **Android:** Scale factors are set by the manufacturer to the value that best suits the
    ///   device, and range from `1.0` to `4.0`. See [this article][android_1] for more information.
    ///
    ///   This is currently unimplemented, and this function always returns 1.0.
    /// - **Web:** The scale factor is the ratio between CSS pixels and the physical device pixels.
    ///   In other words, it is the value of [`window.devicePixelRatio`][web_1]. It is affected by
    ///   both the screen scaling and the browser zoom level and can go below `1.0`.
    /// - **Orbital:** This is currently unimplemented, and this function always returns 1.0.
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged
    /// [windows_1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/hidpi/high-dpi-desktop-application-development-on-windows
    /// [apple_1]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeviceInformation/Reference/iOSDeviceCompatibility/Displays/Displays.html
    /// [apple_2]: https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/macos/icons-and-images/image-size-and-resolution/
    /// [android_1]: https://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/screendensities
    /// [web_1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio
    /// [`contentScaleFactor`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622657-contentscalefactor?language=objc
    fn scale_factor(&self) -> f64;

    /// Queues a [`WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`] event to be emitted that aligns with the windowing
    /// system drawing loop.
    ///
    /// This is the **strongly encouraged** method of redrawing windows, as it can integrate with
    /// OS-requested redraws (e.g. when a window gets resized). To improve the event delivery
    /// consider using [`Window::pre_present_notify`] as described in docs.
    ///
    /// Applications should always aim to redraw whenever they receive a `RedrawRequested` event.
    ///
    /// There are no strong guarantees about when exactly a `RedrawRequest` event will be emitted
    /// with respect to other events, since the requirements can vary significantly between
    /// windowing systems.
    ///
    /// However as the event aligns with the windowing system drawing loop, it may not arrive in
    /// same or even next event loop iteration.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Windows** This API uses `RedrawWindow` to request a `WM_PAINT` message and
    ///   `RedrawRequested` is emitted in sync with any `WM_PAINT` messages.
    /// - **Wayland:** The events are aligned with the frame callbacks when
    ///   [`Window::pre_present_notify`] is used.
    /// - **Web:** [`WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`] will be aligned with the
    ///   `requestAnimationFrame`.
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::RedrawRequested
    fn request_redraw(&self);

    /// Notify the windowing system before presenting to the window.
    ///
    /// You should call this event after your drawing operations, but before you submit
    /// the buffer to the display or commit your drawings. Doing so will help winit to properly
    /// schedule and make assumptions about its internal state. For example, it could properly
    /// throttle [`WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`].
    ///
    /// ## Example
    ///
    /// This example illustrates how it looks with OpenGL, but it applies to other graphics
    /// APIs and software rendering.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn swap_buffers() {}
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Do the actual drawing with OpenGL.
    ///
    /// // Notify winit that we're about to submit buffer to the windowing system.
    /// window.pre_present_notify();
    ///
    /// // Submit buffer to the windowing system.
    /// swap_buffers();
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Android / iOS / X11 / Web / Windows / macOS / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **Wayland:** Schedules a frame callback to throttle [`WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`].
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::RedrawRequested`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::RedrawRequested
    fn pre_present_notify(&self);

    /// Reset the dead key state of the keyboard.
    ///
    /// This is useful when a dead key is bound to trigger an action. Then
    /// this function can be called to reset the dead key state so that
    /// follow-up text input won't be affected by the dead key.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    /// - **Web, macOS:** Does nothing
    // ---------------------------
    // Developers' Note: If this cannot be implemented on every desktop platform
    // at least, then this function should be provided through a platform specific
    // extension trait
    fn reset_dead_keys(&self);

    /// Returns the position of the top-left hand corner of the window's client area relative to the
    /// top-left hand corner of the desktop.
    ///
    /// The same conditions that apply to [`Window::outer_position`] apply to this method.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS:** Returns the top left coordinates of the window's [safe area] in the screen space
    ///   coordinate system.
    /// - **Web:** Returns the top-left coordinates relative to the viewport. _Note: this returns
    ///   the same value as [`Window::outer_position`]._
    /// - **Android / Wayland:** Always returns [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    ///
    /// [safe area]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/2891103-safeareainsets?language=objc
    fn inner_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError>;

    /// Returns the position of the top-left hand corner of the window relative to the
    /// top-left hand corner of the desktop.
    ///
    /// Note that the top-left hand corner of the desktop is not necessarily the same as
    /// the screen. If the user uses a desktop with multiple monitors, the top-left hand corner
    /// of the desktop is the top-left hand corner of the monitor at the top-left of the desktop.
    ///
    /// The coordinates can be negative if the top-left hand corner of the window is outside
    /// of the visible screen region.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS:** Returns the top left coordinates of the window in the screen space coordinate
    ///   system.
    /// - **Web:** Returns the top-left coordinates relative to the viewport.
    /// - **Android / Wayland:** Always returns [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    fn outer_position(&self) -> Result<PhysicalPosition<i32>, RequestError>;

    /// Modifies the position of the window.
    ///
    /// See [`Window::outer_position`] for more information about the coordinates.
    /// This automatically un-maximizes the window if it's maximized.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalPosition};
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Specify the position in logical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_outer_position(LogicalPosition::new(400.0, 200.0).into());
    ///
    /// // Or specify the position in physical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_outer_position(PhysicalPosition::new(400, 200).into());
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS:** Sets the top left coordinates of the window in the screen space coordinate
    ///   system.
    /// - **Web:** Sets the top-left coordinates relative to the viewport. Doesn't account for CSS
    ///   [`transform`].
    /// - **Android / Wayland:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
    fn set_outer_position(&self, position: Position);

    /// Returns the size of the window's render-able surface.
    ///
    /// This is the dimensions you should pass to things like Wgpu or Glutin when configuring.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS:** Returns the `PhysicalSize` of the window's [safe area] in screen space
    ///   coordinates.
    /// - **Web:** Returns the size of the canvas element. Doesn't account for CSS [`transform`].
    ///
    /// [safe area]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/2891103-safeareainsets?language=objc
    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
    fn surface_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32>;

    /// Request the new size for the surface.
    ///
    /// On platforms where the size is entirely controlled by the user the
    /// applied size will be returned immediately, resize event in such case
    /// may not be generated.
    ///
    /// On platforms where resizing is disallowed by the windowing system, the current surface size
    /// is returned immediately, and the user one is ignored.
    ///
    /// When `None` is returned, it means that the request went to the display system,
    /// and the actual size will be delivered later with the [`WindowEvent::SurfaceResized`].
    ///
    /// See [`Window::surface_size`] for more information about the values.
    ///
    /// The request could automatically un-maximize the window if it's maximized.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
    /// let _ = window.request_surface_size(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0).into());
    ///
    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
    /// let _ = window.request_surface_size(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200).into());
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Web:** Sets the size of the canvas element. Doesn't account for CSS [`transform`].
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::SurfaceResized`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::SurfaceResized
    /// [`transform`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform
    #[must_use]
    fn request_surface_size(&self, size: Size) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>;

    /// Returns the size of the entire window.
    ///
    /// These dimensions include window decorations like the title bar and borders. If you don't
    /// want that (and you usually don't), use [`Window::surface_size`] instead.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS:** Returns the [`PhysicalSize`] of the window in screen space coordinates.
    /// - **Web:** Returns the size of the canvas element. _Note: this returns the same value as
    ///   [`Window::surface_size`]._
    fn outer_size(&self) -> PhysicalSize<u32>;

    /// Sets a minimum dimensions of the window's surface.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_min_surface_size(Some(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0).into()));
    ///
    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_min_surface_size(Some(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200).into()));
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn set_min_surface_size(&self, min_size: Option<Size>);

    /// Sets a maximum dimensions of the window's surface.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Specify the size in logical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_max_surface_size(Some(LogicalSize::new(400.0, 200.0).into()));
    ///
    /// // Or specify the size in physical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_max_surface_size(Some(PhysicalSize::new(400, 200).into()));
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn set_max_surface_size(&self, max_size: Option<Size>);

    /// Returns surface resize increments if any were set.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / Orbital:** Always returns [`None`].
    fn surface_resize_increments(&self) -> Option<PhysicalSize<u32>>;

    /// Sets resize increments of the surface.
    ///
    /// This is a niche constraint hint usually employed by terminal emulators and other such apps
    /// that need "blocky" resizes.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** Increments are converted to logical size and then macOS rounds them to whole
    ///   numbers.
    /// - **Wayland:** Not implemented.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn set_surface_resize_increments(&self, increments: Option<Size>);

    /// Modifies the title of the window.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android:** Unsupported.
    fn set_title(&self, title: &str);

    /// Change the window transparency state.
    ///
    /// This is just a hint that may not change anything about
    /// the window transparency, however doing a mismatch between
    /// the content of your window and this hint may result in
    /// visual artifacts.
    ///
    /// The default value follows the [`WindowAttributes::with_transparent`].
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** This will reset the window's background color.
    /// - **Web / iOS / Android:** Unsupported.
    /// - **X11:** Can only be set while building the window, with
    ///   [`WindowAttributes::with_transparent`].
    fn set_transparent(&self, transparent: bool);

    /// Change the window blur state.
    ///
    /// If `true`, this will make the transparent window background blurry.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Android / iOS / X11 / Web / Windows:** Unsupported.
    /// - **Wayland:** Only works with org_kde_kwin_blur_manager protocol.
    fn set_blur(&self, blur: bool);

    /// Modifies the window's visibility.
    ///
    /// If `false`, this will hide the window. If `true`, this will show the window.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Android / Wayland / Web:** Unsupported.
    fn set_visible(&self, visible: bool);

    /// Gets the window's current visibility state.
    ///
    /// `None` means it couldn't be determined, so it is not recommended to use this to drive your
    /// rendering backend.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **X11:** Not implemented.
    /// - **Wayland / iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
    fn is_visible(&self) -> Option<bool>;

    /// Sets whether the window is resizable or not.
    ///
    /// Note that making the window unresizable doesn't exempt you from handling
    /// [`WindowEvent::SurfaceResized`], as that event can still be triggered by DPI scaling,
    /// entering fullscreen mode, etc. Also, the window could still be resized by calling
    /// [`Window::request_surface_size`].
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// This only has an effect on desktop platforms.
    ///
    /// - **X11:** Due to a bug in XFCE, this has no effect on Xfwm.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::SurfaceResized`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::SurfaceResized
    fn set_resizable(&self, resizable: bool);

    /// Gets the window's current resizable state.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **X11:** Not implemented.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
    fn is_resizable(&self) -> bool;

    /// Sets the enabled window buttons.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland / X11 / Orbital:** Not implemented.
    /// - **Web / iOS / Android:** Unsupported.
    fn set_enabled_buttons(&self, buttons: WindowButtons);

    /// Gets the enabled window buttons.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland / X11 / Orbital:** Not implemented. Always returns [`WindowButtons::all`].
    /// - **Web / iOS / Android:** Unsupported. Always returns [`WindowButtons::all`].
    fn enabled_buttons(&self) -> WindowButtons;

    /// Sets the window to minimized or back
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **Wayland:** Un-minimize is unsupported.
    fn set_minimized(&self, minimized: bool);

    /// Gets the window's current minimized state.
    ///
    /// `None` will be returned, if the minimized state couldn't be determined.
    ///
    /// ## Note
    ///
    /// - You shouldn't stop rendering for minimized windows, however you could lower the fps.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland**: always `None`.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn is_minimized(&self) -> Option<bool>;

    /// Sets the window to maximized or back.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
    fn set_maximized(&self, maximized: bool);

    /// Gets the window's current maximized state.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Unsupported.
    fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool;

    /// Sets the window to fullscreen or back.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** [`Fullscreen::Exclusive`] provides true exclusive mode with a video mode
    ///   change. *Caveat!* macOS doesn't provide task switching (or spaces!) while in exclusive
    ///   fullscreen mode. This mode should be used when a video mode change is desired, but for a
    ///   better user experience, borderless fullscreen might be preferred.
    ///
    ///   [`Fullscreen::Borderless`] provides a borderless fullscreen window on a
    ///   separate space. This is the idiomatic way for fullscreen games to work
    ///   on macOS. See `WindowExtMacOs::set_simple_fullscreen` if
    ///   separate spaces are not preferred.
    ///
    ///   The dock and the menu bar are disabled in exclusive fullscreen mode.
    /// - **Wayland:** Does not support exclusive fullscreen mode and will no-op a request.
    /// - **Windows:** Screen saver is disabled in fullscreen mode.
    /// - **Android / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **Web:** Passing a [`MonitorHandle`] or [`VideoModeHandle`] that was not created with
    #[cfg_attr(
        any(web_platform, docsrs),
        doc = "  [detailed monitor permissions][crate::platform::web::ActiveEventLoopExtWeb::request_detailed_monitor_permission]"
    )]
    #[cfg_attr(not(any(web_platform, docsrs)), doc = "  detailed monitor permissions")]
    ///   or calling without a [transient activation] does nothing.
    ///
    /// [transient activation]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Transient_activation
    fn set_fullscreen(&self, fullscreen: Option<Fullscreen>);

    /// Gets the window's current fullscreen state.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Android / Orbital:** Will always return `None`.
    /// - **Wayland:** Can return `Borderless(None)` when there are no monitors.
    /// - **Web:** Can only return `None` or `Borderless(None)`.
    fn fullscreen(&self) -> Option<Fullscreen>;

    /// Turn window decorations on or off.
    ///
    /// Enable/disable window decorations provided by the server or Winit.
    /// By default this is enabled. Note that fullscreen windows and windows on
    /// mobile and Web platforms naturally do not have decorations.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** No effect.
    fn set_decorations(&self, decorations: bool);

    /// Gets the window's current decorations state.
    ///
    /// Returns `true` when windows are decorated (server-side or by Winit).
    /// Also returns `true` when no decorations are required (mobile, Web).
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Always returns `true`.
    fn is_decorated(&self) -> bool;

    /// Change the window level.
    ///
    /// This is just a hint to the OS, and the system could ignore it.
    ///
    /// See [`WindowLevel`] for details.
    fn set_window_level(&self, level: WindowLevel);

    /// Sets the window icon.
    ///
    /// On Windows and X11, this is typically the small icon in the top-left
    /// corner of the titlebar.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland / macOS / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// - **Windows:** Sets `ICON_SMALL`. The base size for a window icon is 16x16, but it's
    ///   recommended to account for screen scaling and pick a multiple of that, i.e. 32x32.
    ///
    /// - **X11:** Has no universal guidelines for icon sizes, so you're at the whims of the WM.
    ///   That said, it's usually in the same ballpark as on Windows.
    fn set_window_icon(&self, window_icon: Option<Icon>);

    /// Set the IME cursor editing area, where the `position` is the top left corner of that area
    /// and `size` is the size of this area starting from the position. An example of such area
    /// could be a input field in the UI or line in the editor.
    ///
    /// The windowing system could place a candidate box close to that area, but try to not obscure
    /// the specified area, so the user input to it stays visible.
    ///
    /// The candidate box is the window / popup / overlay that allows you to select the desired
    /// characters. The look of this box may differ between input devices, even on the same
    /// platform.
    ///
    /// (Apple's official term is "candidate window", see their [chinese] and [japanese] guides).
    ///
    /// ## Example
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalPosition, LogicalSize, PhysicalSize};
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Specify the position in logical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_ime_cursor_area(
    ///     LogicalPosition::new(400.0, 200.0).into(),
    ///     LogicalSize::new(100, 100).into(),
    /// );
    ///
    /// // Or specify the position in physical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_ime_cursor_area(
    ///     PhysicalPosition::new(400, 200).into(),
    ///     PhysicalSize::new(100, 100).into(),
    /// );
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **X11:** - area is not supported, only position.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// [chinese]: https://support.apple.com/guide/chinese-input-method/use-the-candidate-window-cim12992/104/mac/12.0
    /// [japanese]: https://support.apple.com/guide/japanese-input-method/use-the-candidate-window-jpim10262/6.3/mac/12.0
    fn set_ime_cursor_area(&self, position: Position, size: Size);

    /// Sets whether the window should get IME events
    ///
    /// When IME is allowed, the window will receive [`Ime`] events, and during the
    /// preedit phase the window will NOT get [`KeyboardInput`] events. The window
    /// should allow IME while it is expecting text input.
    ///
    /// When IME is not allowed, the window won't receive [`Ime`] events, and will
    /// receive [`KeyboardInput`] events for every keypress instead. Not allowing
    /// IME is useful for games for example.
    ///
    /// IME is **not** allowed by default.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** IME must be enabled to receive text-input where dead-key sequences are
    ///   combined.
    /// - **iOS:** This will show / hide the soft keyboard.
    /// - **Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **X11**: Enabling IME will disable dead keys reporting during compose.
    ///
    /// [`Ime`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Ime
    /// [`KeyboardInput`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::KeyboardInput
    fn set_ime_allowed(&self, allowed: bool);

    /// Sets the IME purpose for the window using [`ImePurpose`].
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Windows / X11 / macOS / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn set_ime_purpose(&self, purpose: ImePurpose);

    /// Brings the window to the front and sets input focus. Has no effect if the window is
    /// already in focus, minimized, or not visible.
    ///
    /// This method steals input focus from other applications. Do not use this method unless
    /// you are certain that's what the user wants. Focus stealing can cause an extremely disruptive
    /// user experience.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Wayland / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn focus_window(&self);

    /// Gets whether the window has keyboard focus.
    ///
    /// This queries the same state information as [`WindowEvent::Focused`].
    ///
    /// [`WindowEvent::Focused`]: crate::event::WindowEvent::Focused
    fn has_focus(&self) -> bool;

    /// Requests user attention to the window, this has no effect if the application
    /// is already focused. How requesting for user attention manifests is platform dependent,
    /// see [`UserAttentionType`] for details.
    ///
    /// Providing `None` will unset the request for user attention. Unsetting the request for
    /// user attention might not be done automatically by the WM when the window receives input.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **macOS:** `None` has no effect.
    /// - **X11:** Requests for user attention must be manually cleared.
    /// - **Wayland:** Requires `xdg_activation_v1` protocol, `None` has no effect.
    fn request_user_attention(&self, request_type: Option<UserAttentionType>);

    /// Set or override the window theme.
    ///
    /// Specify `None` to reset the theme to the system default.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland:** Sets the theme for the client side decorations. Using `None` will use dbus to
    ///   get the system preference.
    /// - **X11:** Sets `_GTK_THEME_VARIANT` hint to `dark` or `light` and if `None` is used, it
    ///   will default to  [`Theme::Dark`].
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    fn set_theme(&self, theme: Option<Theme>);

    /// Returns the current window theme.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if it cannot be determined on the current platform.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / x11 / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **Wayland:** Only returns theme overrides.
    fn theme(&self) -> Option<Theme>;

    /// Prevents the window contents from being captured by other apps.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS**: if `false`, [`NSWindowSharingNone`] is used but doesn't completely prevent all
    ///   apps from reading the window content, for instance, QuickTime.
    /// - **iOS / Android / x11 / Wayland / Web / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// [`NSWindowSharingNone`]: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nswindowsharingtype/nswindowsharingnone
    fn set_content_protected(&self, protected: bool);

    /// Gets the current title of the window.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / x11 / Wayland / Web:** Unsupported. Always returns an empty string.
    fn title(&self) -> String;

    /// Modifies the cursor icon of the window.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Orbital:** Unsupported.
    /// - **Web:** Custom cursors have to be loaded and decoded first, until then the previous
    ///   cursor is shown.
    fn set_cursor(&self, cursor: Cursor);

    /// Changes the position of the cursor in window coordinates.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::dpi::{LogicalPosition, PhysicalPosition};
    /// # use winit::window::Window;
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// // Specify the position in logical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_cursor_position(LogicalPosition::new(400.0, 200.0).into());
    ///
    /// // Or specify the position in physical dimensions like this:
    /// window.set_cursor_position(PhysicalPosition::new(400, 200).into());
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland**: Cursor must be in [`CursorGrabMode::Locked`].
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    fn set_cursor_position(&self, position: Position) -> Result<(), RequestError>;

    /// Set grabbing [mode][CursorGrabMode] on the cursor preventing it from leaving the window.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// First try confining the cursor, and if that fails, try locking it instead.
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use winit::window::{CursorGrabMode, Window};
    /// # fn scope(window: &dyn Window) {
    /// window
    ///     .set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Confined)
    ///     .or_else(|_e| window.set_cursor_grab(CursorGrabMode::Locked))
    ///     .unwrap();
    /// # }
    /// ```
    fn set_cursor_grab(&self, mode: CursorGrabMode) -> Result<(), RequestError>;

    /// Modifies the cursor's visibility.
    ///
    /// If `false`, this will hide the cursor. If `true`, this will show the cursor.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Windows:** The cursor is only hidden within the confines of the window.
    /// - **X11:** The cursor is only hidden within the confines of the window.
    /// - **Wayland:** The cursor is only hidden within the confines of the window.
    /// - **macOS:** The cursor is hidden as long as the window has input focus, even if the cursor
    ///   is outside of the window.
    /// - **iOS / Android:** Unsupported.
    fn set_cursor_visible(&self, visible: bool);

    /// Moves the window with the left mouse button until the button is released.
    ///
    /// There's no guarantee that this will work unless the left mouse button was pressed
    /// immediately before this function is called.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **X11:** Un-grabs the cursor.
    /// - **Wayland:** Requires the cursor to be inside the window to be dragged.
    /// - **macOS:** May prevent the button release event to be triggered.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    fn drag_window(&self) -> Result<(), RequestError>;

    /// Resizes the window with the left mouse button until the button is released.
    ///
    /// There's no guarantee that this will work unless the left mouse button was pressed
    /// immediately before this function is called.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`]
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    fn drag_resize_window(&self, direction: ResizeDirection) -> Result<(), RequestError>;

    /// Show [window menu] at a specified position .
    ///
    /// This is the context menu that is normally shown when interacting with
    /// the title bar. This is useful when implementing custom decorations.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    /// **Android / iOS / macOS / Orbital / Wayland / Web / X11:** Unsupported.
    ///
    /// [window menu]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_menus_in_Microsoft_Windows#System_menu
    fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Position);

    /// Modifies whether the window catches cursor events.
    ///
    /// If `true`, the window will catch the cursor events. If `false`, events are passed through
    /// the window such that any other window behind it receives them. By default hittest is
    /// enabled.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web / Orbital:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    fn set_cursor_hittest(&self, hittest: bool) -> Result<(), RequestError>;

    /// Returns the monitor on which the window currently resides.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if current monitor can't be detected.
    fn current_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle>;

    /// Returns the list of all the monitors available on the system.
    ///
    /// This is the same as [`ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors`], and is provided for
    /// convenience.
    ///
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// **Web:** Only returns the current monitor without
    #[cfg_attr(
        any(web_platform, docsrs),
        doc = "[detailed monitor permissions][crate::platform::web::ActiveEventLoopExtWeb::request_detailed_monitor_permission]."
    )]
    #[cfg_attr(not(any(web_platform, docsrs)), doc = "detailed monitor permissions.")]
    ///
    #[rustfmt::skip]
    /// [`ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors`]: crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop::available_monitors
    fn available_monitors(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = MonitorHandle>>;

    /// Returns the primary monitor of the system.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if it can't identify any monitor as a primary one.
    ///
    /// This is the same as [`ActiveEventLoop::primary_monitor`], and is provided for convenience.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **Wayland:** Always returns `None`.
    /// - **Web:** Always returns `None` without
    #[cfg_attr(
        any(web_platform, docsrs),
        doc = "  [detailed monitor permissions][crate::platform::web::ActiveEventLoopExtWeb::request_detailed_monitor_permission]."
    )]
    #[cfg_attr(not(any(web_platform, docsrs)), doc = "  detailed monitor permissions.")]
    ///
    #[rustfmt::skip]
    /// [`ActiveEventLoop::primary_monitor`]: crate::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop::primary_monitor
    fn primary_monitor(&self) -> Option<MonitorHandle>;

    /// Get the raw-window-handle v0.6 display handle.
    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
    fn rwh_06_display_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle;

    /// Get the raw-window-handle v0.6 window handle.
    #[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
    fn rwh_06_window_handle(&self) -> &dyn rwh_06::HasWindowHandle;
}

impl dyn Window {
    /// Create a new [`WindowAttributes`] which allows modifying the window's attributes before
    /// creation.
    pub fn default_attributes() -> WindowAttributes {
        WindowAttributes::default()
    }
}

impl PartialEq for dyn Window + '_ {
    fn eq(&self, other: &dyn Window) -> bool {
        self.id().eq(&other.id())
    }
}

impl Eq for dyn Window + '_ {}

impl std::hash::Hash for dyn Window + '_ {
    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.id().hash(state);
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
impl rwh_06::HasDisplayHandle for dyn Window + '_ {
    fn display_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::DisplayHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
        self.rwh_06_display_handle().display_handle()
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "rwh_06")]
impl rwh_06::HasWindowHandle for dyn Window + '_ {
    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<rwh_06::WindowHandle<'_>, rwh_06::HandleError> {
        self.rwh_06_window_handle().window_handle()
    }
}

/// The behavior of cursor grabbing.
///
/// Use this enum with [`Window::set_cursor_grab`] to grab the cursor.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum CursorGrabMode {
    /// No grabbing of the cursor is performed.
    None,

    /// The cursor is confined to the window area.
    ///
    /// There's no guarantee that the cursor will be hidden. You should hide it by yourself if you
    /// want to do so.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** Not implemented. Always returns [`RequestError::NotSupported`] for now.
    /// - **iOS / Android / Web:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    Confined,

    /// The cursor is locked inside the window area to the certain position.
    ///
    /// There's no guarantee that the cursor will be hidden. You should hide it by yourself if you
    /// want to do so.
    ///
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **X11 / Windows:** Not implemented. Always returns [`RequestError::NotSupported`] for
    ///   now.
    /// - **iOS / Android:** Always returns an [`RequestError::NotSupported`].
    Locked,
}

/// Defines the orientation that a window resize will be performed.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum ResizeDirection {
    East,
    North,
    NorthEast,
    NorthWest,
    South,
    SouthEast,
    SouthWest,
    West,
}

impl From<ResizeDirection> for CursorIcon {
    fn from(direction: ResizeDirection) -> Self {
        use ResizeDirection::*;
        match direction {
            East => CursorIcon::EResize,
            North => CursorIcon::NResize,
            NorthEast => CursorIcon::NeResize,
            NorthWest => CursorIcon::NwResize,
            South => CursorIcon::SResize,
            SouthEast => CursorIcon::SeResize,
            SouthWest => CursorIcon::SwResize,
            West => CursorIcon::WResize,
        }
    }
}

/// Fullscreen modes.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub enum Fullscreen {
    Exclusive(VideoModeHandle),

    /// Providing `None` to `Borderless` will fullscreen on the current monitor.
    Borderless(Option<MonitorHandle>),
}

/// The theme variant to use.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum Theme {
    /// Use the light variant.
    Light,

    /// Use the dark variant.
    Dark,
}

/// ## Platform-specific
///
/// - **X11:** Sets the WM's `XUrgencyHint`. No distinction between [`Critical`] and
///   [`Informational`].
///
/// [`Critical`]: Self::Critical
/// [`Informational`]: Self::Informational
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum UserAttentionType {
    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** Bounces the dock icon until the application is in focus.
    /// - **Windows:** Flashes both the window and the taskbar button until the application is in
    ///   focus.
    Critical,

    /// ## Platform-specific
    ///
    /// - **macOS:** Bounces the dock icon once.
    /// - **Windows:** Flashes the taskbar button until the application is in focus.
    #[default]
    Informational,
}

bitflags::bitflags! {
    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
    pub struct WindowButtons: u32 {
        const CLOSE  = 1 << 0;
        const MINIMIZE  = 1 << 1;
        const MAXIMIZE  = 1 << 2;
    }
}

/// A window level groups windows with respect to their z-position.
///
/// The relative ordering between windows in different window levels is fixed.
/// The z-order of a window within the same window level may change dynamically on user interaction.
///
/// ## Platform-specific
///
/// - **iOS / Android / Web / Wayland:** Unsupported.
#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum WindowLevel {
    /// The window will always be below normal windows.
    ///
    /// This is useful for a widget-based app.
    AlwaysOnBottom,

    /// The default.
    #[default]
    Normal,

    /// The window will always be on top of normal windows.
    AlwaysOnTop,
}

/// Generic IME purposes for use in [`Window::set_ime_purpose`].
///
/// The purpose may improve UX by optimizing the IME for the specific use case,
/// if winit can express the purpose to the platform and the platform reacts accordingly.
///
/// ## Platform-specific
///
/// - **iOS / Android / Web / Windows / X11 / macOS / Orbital:** Unsupported.
#[non_exhaustive]
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum ImePurpose {
    /// No special hints for the IME (default).
    Normal,
    /// The IME is used for password input.
    Password,
    /// The IME is used to input into a terminal.
    ///
    /// For example, that could alter OSK on Wayland to show extra buttons.
    Terminal,
}

impl Default for ImePurpose {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::Normal
    }
}

/// An opaque token used to activate the [`Window`].
///
/// [`Window`]: crate::window::Window
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
pub struct ActivationToken {
    pub(crate) _token: String,
}

impl ActivationToken {
    pub(crate) fn _new(_token: String) -> Self {
        Self { _token }
    }
}